Common Electrical Values
Car Battery
≈ 12V, 50-70 Ah capacity
Household Outlet
≈ 120V (US) / 230V (EU)
Power Lines
≈ 4-35 kV (distribution)
Lightning
≈ 100 MV potential
Electrical Applications
Circuit Design
Voltage, current, and resistance calculations
Power Systems
High voltage transmission and distribution
Electronics
Capacitance and inductance in circuits
Battery Technology
Charge capacity and energy storage
Electrical Relationships (Ohm's Law)
V = I × R
Voltage = Current × Resistance
P = V × I
Power = Voltage × Current
Q = C × V
Charge = Capacitance × Voltage
About Electrical Measurement
Electrical measurement involves quantifying various electrical quantities such as voltage, current, resistance, capacitance, and inductance. These fundamental measurements are essential for circuit design, power system analysis, electronic device testing, and ensuring electrical safety in all applications.
Fundamental Quantities
- • Voltage (V): electrical potential difference
- • Current (A): flow of electric charge
- • Resistance (Ω): opposition to current flow
- • Capacitance (F): ability to store charge
- • Inductance (H): opposition to current change
- • Power (W): rate of energy transfer
Common Applications
- • Electronic circuit design and analysis
- • Power system engineering and testing
- • Electrical safety and compliance testing
- • Battery and energy storage systems
- • Motor control and drive systems
- • Renewable energy system design
AC vs DC Measurements
- • DC (Direct Current): constant flow direction
- • AC (Alternating Current): periodic direction changes
- • RMS values: effective AC measurements
- • Peak values: maximum instantaneous values
- • Frequency: cycles per second (Hz)
- • Phase relationships: timing between waveforms
Safety Considerations
- • Proper isolation and grounding techniques
- • Understanding voltage and current limits
- • Arc flash and shock hazard awareness
- • Personal protective equipment (PPE)
- • Lockout/tagout procedures
- • Electrical code compliance and standards
Measurement Accuracy
Accurate electrical measurements require proper instrumentation, calibration, and understanding of measurement uncertainties. Factors like temperature, humidity, electromagnetic interference, and instrument loading can affect measurement accuracy and should be considered in critical applications.